Energy Efficiency Role
Energy plays an important role in the development of every nations, is the bloodline to feed the economic. However, the traditional energy source are depleting and the use of tradional fossil fuel is also cause negative impact to human and environment such as climate change, global warming. Natural phenomenons such as flood, drought, and coastal erosion have been occurred more and more often causing huge damage to the development of economic, social and living environment.
Vietnam is developing country; energy demand over years is quite high and will maintain in the following years, as expected, in 2014-2030 periods, energy demand of Vietnam will increase with an average rate of 5.9%.
Using energy efficiency and conservation is very important in the process of energy development and ensure energy security. Well-perform this work will contribute to meet the demand of using energy which increasing more and more of the national’s economic, also protecting the environment, rational exploitation of energy source helps saving foreign currency and develop economy-social sustainably.
Energy Efficiency and Conservation Policy in Vietnam
In the recent year, the Government has various guidelines and implemented policies to perform using energy efficiency and conservation, decreasing environment pollution and reducing production cost. Especially in 2006, the Government approved Vietnam National Energy Efficiency Program (VNEEP) about using energy efficiency and conservation from 2006-2015 in Decision No 1427/QĐ-TTg dated 2/10/2012; And, in 2010, the Congress approved “The Law on using Energy Efficiency and Conservation”.
VNEEP about using Energy Efficiency and Conservation (EEC) identified clearly target and specific solution to implement. Specific objective of the Program includes:
(i) Achieve saving 3-5% of total national energy consumption in phase 1 (2006 – 2010) and 5 – 8% in phase 2 (2011 – 2015) comparing to energy demand in accordance with electricity development plan in 2011 – 2020 period and consider to 2030.
(ii) Formation a network that enforces the energy-use efficiency and conservation law, implements energy efficiency and conservation program in the centre and local level, organize training course, certifies energy management certification for 2000 staffs in the industrial production fields.
(iii) Widely use of high-performance devices, gradually replacing under-performance equipments, proceeds to eliminate outdated technology. Apply modern standards and technology to improve energy performance in the production and business activities of enterprises, reach at least 10% energy intensity of energy-intensive industry such as: cement, steel, textile and apparel industry.
The Law on using Energy efficiency and conservation take effect in 2011. The law regulates the responsible of using ECC of industrial production site, in which, industrial production site is responsible to develop, implement energy-use efficiency and conservation schedule annually; integrate energy management program with other quality management program, clean production program, site environment protection program; Application of standard, technical procedure, energy use norm which were prescribed by state authority agency; seclect and apply modern production model and procedure, suitable technical solution and high-performance energy equipment; use of renewable energy which has higher performance in the production line; Apply technical measures, workshop architectural to maximum the use of natural lighting, ventilation and cooling; maximum use of natural lighting and ventilation; Implement operating procedure, maintenance mode, maintain facilities and equipment in the production line to prevent energy loss; Gradually eliminate outdated facilities, equipment, which consume lot of energy as stipulated by the Government.
For key designated energy using sites, are responsible to:
(i) Develop and implement yearly and five-years plan about using energy efficiency and conservation which is suitable for production and business plan; report to state authority agency at local result of using energy efficiency and conservation implementation;
(ii) Build liability regime for individual and group which related to the implementation of using energy efficiency and conservation plan;
(iii) Appoint energy manager;
(iv) Implement energy audit each three year;
(v) Apply energy management system;
(vi) Implement standard of using energy efficiency and conservation in new building, renovating and expanding of facility.
To implement the Program and the Law on using Energy Efficiency and Conservation, the Gorvenment, Ministries and Departments have enacted a lot of legal documents to guide and prescribe those contents and solutions. Specifically:
(i) Decree No.21/2011/NĐ-CP dated 29/3/2011 prescribed on the detail and implementation measure of the Law on EEC;
(ii) Decree No.74/2011/NĐ-CP dated 24/08/2011 prescribed on administrative sanctions for the use of EEC;
(iii) Decree No.1294-TTg dated 1/8/2011 published the list of designated energy using sites in 2011;
(iv) Circular No.09/2013/TT-BCT dated 20/4/2012 prescribed on planning of using EEC and energy audit implementation;
(v) Decision No.1427/QĐ-TTg dated 2/1/2012, the Government approved VNEEP on using EEC phase 2012 – 2015;
(vi) Decree No.134/2013/NĐ-CP: Prescribed on sactions in the field of electricity, hydro dam safety, using EEC;
(vii) Decision No.78 /2013/QĐ-TTg: Promulgating the list of energy consumption vehicles, equipment for disposal and ban on construction of low-efficiency power plants;
(viii) Decision No.1535/QĐ-TTg dated 28/8/2014 published the list of designated energy using sites in 2014;
(ix) Circular No.45/2014/TTLT-BCT-BTC-BKHĐT, Guide on managing and using state budget to implement VNEEP on using ECC in phase 2012 – 2015.
(x) Circular No.02/2014/TT-BCT dated 16/1/2014 “Provision on using EEC measure for industrial sectors”.
With the implementation of the Law on using Energy Efficiency and Conservation and projects within the framework of VNEEP about using EEC, Vietnam has gradually remove barriers and create condition to promote energy-use efficiency and conservation activities in the whole country… Estimation, in 2011-2015 period, energy saving in Vietnam reaches 6% of total national energy consumption, this is meaningful figure, because if there isn’t any savings, new electricity plants may have to be built in order to compensate power shortage.
Energy saving implementation challenges
In addition to these achievements, Vietnam is also facing many difficulties to promote energy-use efficiency and conservation sustainably. In particular, the dominant issue is the awareness of community and enterprise about using EEC which is still limited, not ready to approach information of technology and energy saving solutions; Enterprise does not have fund or cannot access to preferential credit loans for energy saving projects; Incentive mechanism for invested enterprise to replace outdated production line to high-performance technology line, energy saving has a lot of limitations, not really encourage business…
According to the current regulations and experiences of some foregin-fund projects about using EEC which have been implemented in Vietnam, to promote the implementation of energy saving measure, accompanied with mandatory policies for the compliance of enterprise, incentive mechanism is also use to encourage and support enterprise to implement provisions. However, incentives mechanisms to implement EEC solutions are expected by enterprise such as tax reduction or exemption, tax deduction for energy saving instruments… are currently not available. Concessional loans to enterprises to implement EEC solutions are also not having any guiding document.
Energy saving potentials
As expected, the potential of saving energy is high, sectors which have high potential of saing energy including service, construction, traffic, industrial production…
Energy saving potential according to sector
Vietnam industry currently has high energy intensity: To make 1000 USD the added value, 600-700 kg TOE have to be consumed. According to IEA, to make 1 USD of total GDP, Vietnam consumes 1.02 kWh electricity (or 0,463 kg TOE), nearly double than Korea, 3.5 times than France and nearly three times than the US. Vietnam is one of few countries which have energy intensity consumption increase
Recommendation from enterprise
- In the future, efforts to implement EEC soultions need to be promoted hardly with active and responsive participants, includes political system, enterprise, community, in which, private enterprise plays important role.
- Develop Energy Service Company (ESCO), has protection policy against risks such as enterprise risk consumption, do not pay electricity bill and ownership for devices of ESCO which was installed in the end-user’s site that can attract more investment into these model.
- Find a way to make commercial bank involve in the underwriting of the development of clean energy technology projects.
The State should enact more guiding documents for measure implementation such as tax incentives. Currently, project investors cannot take full advantage of the benefit that tax incentive measures bring to them because tax authority agencies do not have guide to implement those measures.
